Ⅰ

Prevention and control of major diseases. The use of pesticides shall comply with the guidelines for the use of pesticides in green food

(1) Grape downy mildew. After falling leaves in autumn, the diseased leaves and fruits in the garden should be removed in time. Prune the diseased branches before winter. Before germination in early spring, combined with the control of other diseases, spray 3 ~ 5 baumido stone sulfur mixture for control. In the process of grape growth, we should pay attention to timely picking the heart, binding the vine and weeding, improve the fruit position, and cut off the lower leaves and new shoots in time. Humid weather conditions are prone to disease. Spray the medicine for protection and treatment in time according to the measurement and report, especially after the rain. Spraying can be carried out once every 10 ~ 15 days. Spray continuously for 2 ~ 3 times. The applicable fungicides are: Bordeaux solution with 1:1:200 times of solution, 400 ~ 500 times of 30% green sulfur retaining gel suspension, 600 times of 75% dakonin, or 2000 times of 25% amissida (azoxystrobin) water emulsion.

(2) Grape black pox. After falling leaves in autumn, the diseased leaves and fruits in the garden should be removed in time. Prune the diseased branches before winter. Before germination in early spring, combined with the control of other diseases, spray 3 ~ 5 baumido stone sulfur mixture for control. Fungicide should be sprayed in time before grape flowering and when the fruit reaches the size of soybean grain. Future control depends on rainfall and disease development. The applicable agents are: Bordeaux solution with a ratio of 1:1:200, 400 ~ 500 times of 30% green sulfur retaining gel suspension, 600 ~ 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder (1,30), or 2000 times of 25% amoxida (azoxystrobin) water emulsion.

(3) Grape anthracnose. Control downy mildew of the same grape in clean garden and dormancy period. Prevention and control in growing season: grape anthracnose has obvious latent infection, so it should be sprayed for protection in advance. Generally, it should be sprayed at the early flowering stage, once every half a month, and continuously for 3 ~ 4 times. In the fruit growth period, after each rainfall, especially in the near mature stage of the fruit, it is necessary to spray medicine in time. The applicable agents are: 1500 ~ 3000 times of 10% Difenoconazole (Shigao) water dispersible granules, 500 ~ 600 times of 0.5% water retaining agent, 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder (1,30), or Bordeaux liquid with 1:1:200 times.

(4) Grape white rot. We should strengthen cultivation management, timely remove diseased branches and fruits, and reduce the base number of bacteria: improve the fruit position, make the ear position more than 50 cm as far as possible, and reduce the chance of bacterial infection in the soil; Timely pick the heart, tie the vine, plough and weed, and timely drain the water after the rain to reduce the field humidity; Bagging in time after falling flowers to reduce the chance of bacterial infection. If possible, plastic film can be covered under the grape shelf after falling flowers, which can prevent the bacteria in the soil from spreading to the ears, branches and leaves near the ground. Bactericide was sprayed at the beginning of the disease. Applicable agents include: 2000 times (1,30) of 32.5% amiodarone (permethrin + Difenoconazole) suspension, 500 times (1:1:200) of 50% sulfur suspension, Bordeaux liquid, 600 ~ 800 times (1,30) of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 1000 times (1,30) of 50% carbendazim. Generally, spray once every 10 ~ 15 days for 3 ~ 4 consecutive prevention and control.

Attention should be paid to adding extender or 0.05% leather glue in rainy season to increase the efficacy. For seriously ill vineyards, 1 part of 50% fumeishuang powder, 1 part of sulfur powder and 1 part of calcium carbonate shall be used before the onset of the disease. After the three drugs are mixed, they shall be sprinkled on the vineyard ground, with 1kg ~ 2kg per mu, which can reduce the incidence of the disease.

(5) Grape powdery mildew. Clean the garden and control grape downy mildew during dormancy. At the initial stage of onset, spray 1:1:200 times Bordeaux liquid. The fungicide shall continue to be sprayed from flowering to young fruit stage. The suitable medicaments are 10% Difenoconazole (Shigao) water dispersible granule 2000 times liquid (1,30), 0.05% water retaining agent 500 ~ 600 times liquid, and 20% Triadimefon wettable powder 1000 ~ 1500 times liquid (1,30).

(6) Botrytis cinerea. Pay attention to reasonable intercropping in the vineyard, and do not intercrop or cultivate adjacent to roses and roses. Clean the garden and prevent grape downy mildew during dormancy. In the early stage of disease onset, timely cut off the diseased flowers and ears to prevent diffusion and spread.

Spray 1:1:200 times Bordeaux solution, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times solution, or 75% tobuzin wettable powder 1000 times solution before flowering and early flowering. Before fruit coloring, 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be sprayed 800 ~ 1000 times to prevent or reduce the incidence of flowers and fruits. It can also be prevented and treated with 800 ~ 1000 times of 50% chlorhexidine wettable powder or 1000 times of 50% sukeling wettable powder.

(7) Grape vine blight and branch blight. Spray 5 baumido stone sulfur mixture before germination, and spray it in time from May to June. You can choose Bordeaux solution with 1:1:200 times solution or 500 times solution of 50% copper succinate (DT bactericide) wettable powder.

Ⅱ

The use of main pest control pesticides shall meet the requirements of the guidelines for the use of green food fertilizers

(1) Grape nodule aphid. Grape new areas should strictly implement quarantine. Seedlings and cuttings shall not be transferred from the epidemic area. Hot water treatment of seedlings and cuttings (54 ℃ for 5 minutes or 50 ℃ for 30 minutes) can effectively prevent the invasion of root nodule aphids. It is best to plant grapes in sandy land. Resistant rootstocks should be selected for seedling raising.

In vineyards where grape root nodule aphids harm, soil treatment can be carried out to kill aphids. The method is to mix 0.5kg of 50% phoxim EC with 50kg fine soil, 25kg of drug soil per mu, spread it around the trunk, turn it into the soil for soil treatment.

For leaf Gall Aphids, 20% imidacloprid EC 3000 times liquid or 25% thiacloprid (A Ketai) water dispersible granule 5000 times.

(2) Grape green stink bug. Vineyards should be kept away from cotton and other fruit trees as far as possible to reduce the invasion of overwintering adults. Timely remove weeds and eliminate insect sources on weeds. In the growing season, it is necessary to spray insecticides in time. The applicable insecticides are: 1000 ~ 1500 times of 1.5% natural pyrethrin water emulsion or 1000 times of 0.3% matrine plant insecticide water agent.

(3) Grape leaf cicada. After autumn, weeds and dead leaves in the garden should be removed in time to reduce insect sources. During the growth period, the heart should be picked and pruned in time to increase the ventilation and light transmittance of grapes, and weeds inside and outside the garden should be removed in time. The occurrence period of the first generation nymphs in spring is the key period of spraying control throughout the year. The applicable agents are: 6000 ~ 8000 times of 25% thiamethoxam (actai), 2000 ~ 3000 times of 20% imidacloprid emulsion, or 1000 ~ 1500 times of 1.5% natural pyrethrin water emulsion.

(4) Grape winged moth. In the new grape planting area, the breeding materials such as seedlings and Scions shall be inspected, and those found to have larvae shall be burned. When pruning before winter or in spring, pay attention to completely cut off the damaged branches with swelling characteristics, and burn them intensively to eliminate overwintering larvae.

For the thick branches that are not easy to trim, iron wire can be inserted from the killed orifice to kill the larvae inside, or 50% dichlorvos emulsion 500 times (1,10) can be directly injected into the orifice and then sealed; If the new shoots are damaged, a knife can be inserted into the branches and vines to cut them longitudinally. The victims will kill the insects. During the adult emergence period, it is necessary to carry out key control (from May to June). The applicable chemicals are: 1000 ~ 1500 times of 50% fenitrothion EC (1,30) and 1000 times of 50% dichlorvos EC (1,20).

(5) Grape leaf beetle. In combination with clearing the garden in winter, remove dead branches and leaves and weeds near the rhizosphere, burn them intensively and eliminate overwintering eggs. The pupae can be eliminated by timely intercropping during the pupation period. When the newly hatched larvae concentrate on the lower leaves, the insect leaves can be removed for centralized treatment. Take advantage of the false death of adults and larvae, put plant ash or lime in a container under the plant, shake the stems and leaves, and make the adults fall into the container for centralized treatment. In the adult and larval stage, the chemical control can be selected: 15% fudge 4000-5000 times solution (1,30), 2.5% Jinbiao emulsion (beta cypermethrin) 2000 times solution (1,40), 1.5% natural pyrethrin water emulsion 1000-1500 times solution or 50% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times solution (1,20), etc.

(6) Grape whitefly. After pruning in winter, completely remove the fallen leaves in the field and burn them intensively to eliminate the overwintering insect source. Keeping the vineyard ventilated and transparent in the growing season is the basis for inhibiting the occurrence of the pest.

The larvae are controlled by chemicals during the occurrence period. The applicable chemicals are: 3000 times of 10% pyrimethanil wettable powder or 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos EC (1,20), etc.

(7) Grape node gall mite (grape felt disease). Disease free seedlings shall be selected for the new garden, and seedlings shall not be introduced from the disease area. If seedlings are introduced from the disease area, they must be disinfected before colonization. The method is to immerse the seedlings or cuttings in 30 ~ 40 ℃ warm water for 3 ~ 5 minutes, and then move them into 50 ℃ warm water for 5 ~ 7 minutes, which can kill the grape node gall mite lurking in the bud for overwintering. After falling leaves in autumn, the vineyard shall be thoroughly cleaned, and the diseased leaves and their residues shall be burned or deeply buried to eliminate the overwintering insect source.

Spray 3 ~ 5 baumido stone sulfur mixture before spreading leaves after germination of grapes in early spring. If any damaged leaves are found after grape leaf exhibition, they shall be removed immediately and sprayed with medicine for control. The applicable agents are: 0.2 ~ 0.3 baumido sulfur mixture, 1000 ~ 2000 times of 10% Liuyangmycin emulsion, or 1000 ~ 2000 times of 5% chlorimilin suspension.